Biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Exposure and Dose in Farm Families
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Exposure and Dose in Farm Families
OBJECTIVE We estimated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure and systemic dose in farm family members following an application of 2,4-D on their farm. METHODS Farm families were recruited from licensed applicators in Minnesota and South Carolina. Eligible family members collected all urine during five 24-hr intervals, 1 day before through 3 days after an application of 2,4-D. Exposu...
متن کاملReview of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology
A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D exposure is at or near the level of detection (LOD). Among individuals with indi...
متن کاملGlyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study.
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup agricultural herbicides and other herbicide formulations that are widely used for agricultural, forestry, and residential weed control. As part of the Farm Family Exposure Study, we evaluated urinary glyphosate concentrations for 48 farmers, their spouses, and their 79 children (4-18 years of age). We evaluated 24-hr composite urine samples for eac...
متن کاملIndirect Exposure of Farm and Non-farm Families in an Agricultural Community, Ubonratchathani Province, Thailand
In Thailand’s agricultural communities, a number of pesticide products have been frequently used in agricultural farms and this is raising concerns about potentially adverse effects on human health and environment in the community. The objective of this study was to investigate residential pesticide exposure in farm and non-farm families in an agricultural community in Ubonratchathani province,...
متن کاملBiomonitoring Data for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in the United States and Canada: Interpretation in a Public Health Risk Assessment Context Using Biomonitoring Equivalents
BACKGROUND Several extensive studies of exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using urinary concentrations in samples from the general population, farm applicators, and farm family members are now available. Reference doses (RfDs) exist for 2,4-D, and Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs; concentrations in urine or plasma that are consistent with those RfDs) for 2,4-D have recently been ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Health Perspectives
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0091-6765,1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8869